Here is a simple, versatile project which indicates the level of water and automatically controls it by using PIC Microcontroller. The Water Level Sensing Section senses the level of water in the tank and sends it (wireless) to the Receiver Section. Receiver Section is connected to the Controlling Section, which process the received information and produces visual, sound indications and controls the operation of the motor whenever required. The project is divide into 4 sections.
1. Power Supply Section
Power Supply section provides required supply for Receiver and Controlling modules. Receiver module requires +5V power supply. Controller module requires +5v and +12v supply. Circuit Diagram:
2.Water Level Sensing Section
Circuit Diagram: 
Level Sensor module is made of with HT12E encoder and ASK (Amplitude Shift Keying) RF transmitter. This circuit can be drive using 9V battery. This circuit is placed near the Water Tank and connected to the tank as show in the figure below.
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3. Receiver Section
Circuit Diagram: 
Receiver Module is made of with HT-12D decoder and ASK RF receiver. The data transmitted by the Sensor module is received by this module and is given to the Controlling Module.
4. Controlling Section
Circuit Diagram:
The soul of the Controlling Section is PIC16F877A. It process the data given by the Receiver Section. LCD Display, LED Indications and Motor status are updated according to the data. You can download the hex file and mikroC Source Code at the bottom of this article.
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Working
For the transmission and reception of data we have used Holtek encoder-decoder pair of HT12E and HT12D. Both of them are CMOS ICs working voltage ranges from 2.4 to 12v. The oscillator resistances are chosen according to the datasheet. When water level raises, the data pins of the encoder will be grounded corresponding to the level of water, which will be transmitted to the Receiver via ASK RF module. The received data is decoded by the decoder HT12D. LED on the receiver indicates that it is receiving data. Then the data is given to the PIC for processing.
| D0 | D1 | D2 | D3 | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | All data pins are grounded, indicates tank is Full. |
| 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | Water level is below D3 and above D2, indicates High level. |
| 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | Water level is below D2 and above D1, indicates Medium level. |
| 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | Water level is below D1 and above D0, indicates Low level. |
| 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | Water level is below D0, indicates Very Low level. |
When the water level becomes Very Low, the motor will turned ON, buzzer sounds and the LCD backlight will automatically turned ON for 5 seconds. After this, when the water level reaches Full level, the motor will automatically turned OFF, buzzer sounds and the LCD backlight will automatically turned ON for 5 seconds. During normal operation you can manually turn on LCD backlight by pressing the Push button switch. The LCD indicates the Level of water (‘Very Low’, ‘Low’, ‘Medium’, ‘High’,'Full’) and the status of the motor (‘ON’ or ‘OFF’). The LED bar will also indicate the level of water. You can download the hex file, mikroC source code, PCB Design, Layout, Proteus and Orcad files here.
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